الأدلة الدالة على توحيد الله واستحقاقه للعبادة عند الرازي وابن القيم: دراسة مقارنة الباحث محمد مطر أحمد السهيمي

Abstract This study discusses the evidences indicating the oneness of Allah and His exclusive right to be worshipped according to al-Rāzī and Ibn al-Qayyim: a comparative study. It aims to highlight the evidences for Allah’s deservingness of worship as presented in al-Rāzī’s Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr and the various works of Ibn al-Qayyim. The study adopts the inductive and analytical methodologies. The study reveals that the issue of the oneness of worship (Tawḥīd al-ʿIbādah) represents the greatest foundational principle around which the proofs of revelation, reason, and innate human disposition revolve. It also shows that the two scholars—despite their differing scholarly approaches—converged in affirming this universal principle: that Allah, Glorified and Exalted, alone is worthy of worship due to the perfection of His Lordship, the greatness of His Names and Attributes, His exclusive creation and governance of the universe, the perfection of His self-sufficiency and power, and His sole possession of the ability to benefit and harm. The study further demonstrates that al-Rāzī extensively employed rational and cosmological proofs, linking the evidences of Lordship (Rubūbiyyah) to the deservingness of worship. He also gave notable attention to the pathways of innate disposition (fiṭrah), reflection upon the cosmic signs, and establishing the argument against the polytheists by exposing the incapacity and dependence of their objects of worship. In contrast, Ibn al-Qayyim’s approach to affirming monotheism was characterized by a methodology that combined the strength of scriptural evidence with the clarity of faith-based and educational meanings. He paid particular attention to connecting the oneness of worship to Allah’s Names and Attributes and to their effects upon the heart and human conduct. The study recommends giving greater attention to the analytical and comparative study of Qur’anic approaches to establishing monotheism, while relating them to contemporary realities and to modern intellectual and theological misconceptions. Keywords: al-Rāzī – Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr – Deservingness of Worship – Ibn al-Qayyim – Approaches

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