الصعوبات التي تواجه تعليم وتعلم الرياضيات في المرحلة الثانوية بكل من السودان واليمن وفلسطين من وجهة نظر المعلمين والطلبة د. محمد حمد النيل محمد جبريل1 د. عبدالعزيز بسام عبدالعزيز العفيفي2 د. محمد حامد عمر المصباحي3

Abstract This descriptive-evaluative study aimed to identify the difficulties associated with teaching and learning mathematics among secondary school students in three Arab countries—Yemen, Sudan, and Palestine. The study focused on factors related to the curriculum, teachers, students, school administration, and the educational and social environment. To achieve this objective, two questionnaires (one for teachers and one for students) were developed and administered to a random sample consisting of 180 male and female teachers and 240 male and female students from three cities across the three countries. The findings revealed a high degree of agreement between teachers and students regarding the major sources of difficulties, which were primarily associated with the mathematics curriculum, teaching methods, students' personal factors, the school environment, and family support. The results of the Mann–Whitney U test indicated no statistically significant differences in teachers' responses attributable to academic qualification or years of teaching experience, nor in students' responses attributable to gender. However, statistically significant differences were found at the 0.001 significance level in teachers' responses attributable to gender, with male teachers reporting higher mean ranks than female teachers. Based on these findings, the study recommends revising and improving mathematics curricula, strengthening teachers' professional development, enhancing the educational environment, fostering stronger partnerships between schools and families, and integrating modern technologies for the diagnosis and remediation of learning difficulties. These measures are expected to improve the quality of mathematics education and enhance students' academic achievement. Keywords: Mathematics Learning Difficulties; Secondary School; Mathematics Education

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