تعدد الجماعات في وقت واحد ومسجد واحد: دراسة فقهية مقارنة الباحثة أسماء بنت محمد بن ناصر حكمي

Abstract This study aims to define and accurately characterize the juristic issue of conducting multiple congregational prayers simultaneously within the same mosque. It further seeks to establish the issue on the basis of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh), examine the opinions of jurists representing the four Sunni schools of law and other scholarly traditions, and apply the preferred juristic opinions to contemporary cases and practical applications. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach within the framework of comparative Islamic jurisprudence. It surveys, analyzes, and compares the juristic views and evidences advanced by the classical schools of law regarding the issue under investigation. The study reached several principal findings, including the following: 1. The legal ruling on simultaneous multiple congregational prayers in the same mosque varies according to the specific form and circumstances of each case. Consequently, it is methodologically incorrect to assign a single ruling to all situations. Rather, the precise point of juristic disagreement must first be identified, similar cases carefully distinguished, and each case evaluated according to its effective legal cause (manāṭ). 2. The juristic disagreement on this issue primarily stems from differing assessments of the effective legal cause (taḥqīq al-manāṭ), particularly regarding the extent to which the objectives of congregational unity or division are realized, in addition to other legally relevant factors affecting the ruling. 3. The juristic maxims and principles of Islamic legal theory developed by Muslim jurists provide a coherent framework for applying the relevant rulings to contemporary manifestations of this issue, thereby ensuring sound legal application in different mosque settings, especially large congregational mosques. Recommendation: The study recommends that fatwa authorities, scholarly institutions, and professionals engaged in religious guidance develop academic studies, official guidance, and educational materials that clarify the Sharīʿah rulings governing multiple congregational prayers in mosques. Such initiatives should take into account the different forms in which the issue may arise and contribute to reducing practical disputes among worshippers. Keywords: Multiple Congregational Prayers; Regular Imam (al-Imām al-Rātib); Frequently Visited Mosque (al-Masjid al-Maṭrūq); Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām (the Sacred Mosque).

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