من البنية المغلقة إلى النص المفتوح في شعر محمود درويش دراسة في ديواني أوراق الزيتون وكزهر اللوز أو أبعد د. هدى عبدالله البريدي

Abstract The study of language has occupied scholars and thinkers since ancient times. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand its nature and uncover its secrets. This research aims to analyze the linguistic structure in Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry across two different periods, revealing the evolution of his poetic text. Therefore, two poetry collections were selected: Olive Leaves, which represents one of Darwish’s early poetic works, and The Almond Blossom or Beyond, which belongs to his later poetic period. This research addresses the issue of identifying the features of the closed structure in Darwish’s early poetic works and tracing the artistic and linguistic transformations that contributed to the formation of the open structure in his later poetry. The study adopts the analytical critical structural approach, which examines textual phenomena through their internal structures and the relationships among their elements, without focusing on the author or the surrounding historical and social circumstances. The research is divided into an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction deals with the theoretical framework of the study, including the concept of structure in Arab and Western thought, as well as the emergence and principles of structuralism. The first chapter examines the closed structure in Olive Leaves and consists of four sections addressing symbolism, repetition, semantic fields, and parallelism. The second chapter, entitled “The Open Structure in The Almond Blossom or Beyond,” explores the same aspects in Darwish’s later poetry. The study concludes with a set of findings, the most significant of which is that Mahmoud Darwish’s poetic experience underwent a clear transformation between his early and late stages. In his beginnings, the poem was more closed, based on thematic unity, intensive parallelism, repetition, and symbols with limited meanings. In contrast, his collection The Almond Blossom or Beyond demonstrates a more open structure through the complexity of symbols, the interconnection of semantic fields, and the use of deviations, which broadened interpretation and made the reader a participant in producing meaning. Keywords: Closed Structure – Open Structure – Structuralism – Symbolism – Semantic Fields – Repetition – Parallelism.

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