المشناة عند اليهود: تعريفها وتدوينها وموضوعاتها وأسفارها د محمد بن بسيس بن مقبول السفياني

Abstract: This study examines the topic of the Mishnah among the Jews: its definition, compilation, subject matter, and tractates. It aims to analyze the Mishnah as an independent text with its own identity and distinctive characteristics, rather than allowing it to be subsumed within the broader framework of the Talmud. It also seeks to identify the origin and significance of the term Mishnah in ancient rabbinic literature; trace the historical stages of its compilation, with reference to the political and social circumstances surrounding its collection in the second century CE; examine the internal structure of its six divisions; and clarify its principal subject matters, namely Aggadah and Halakha. The study employs historical, descriptive, analytical, critical, and comparative approaches. It concludes that the Mishnah is a collection of rabbinic statements and regulations characterized predominantly by a legal and jurisprudential nature, and that there is no historical evidence establishing its attribution to Moses, peace be upon him. The claim that it was transmitted orally through an uninterrupted chain of transmission is also confronted by significant historical and methodological difficulties. The study further demonstrates the difficulty of verifying the history of the Mishnah and its chain of transmission due to the obscurity of a number of figures belonging to the alleged chains of transmission, the lateness of the sources that report their accounts, the extensive disagreements among rabbis concerning its legal rulings, and the relative scarcity of doctrinal issues within it. The study also highlights the distinctive character of Mishnahic thought, particularly its emphasis on regulating worldly life, legislation, wealth, and material affairs, coupled with a relatively weak emphasis on eschatological and doctrinal concerns. Furthermore, it emphasizes the scholarly necessity of distinguishing between the Mishnah and the Gemara: the Talmud consists of the Mishnah together with the Gemara and exists in two major versions, the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud. Keywords: Mishnah, Aggadah, Judah ha-Nasi, Talmud, Tannaim.

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