حجية البيانات الشخصية المحفوظة بتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في الإثبات الجنائي دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية د. وفاء بنت محمد العيسى أ. انتصار بنت عبد الله العبيد

Abstract This research aims to: - Establish the juristic foundations for using digital data processed by artificial intelligence as evidence and to relate this emerging issue to the relevant jurisprudential principles governing criminal evidence. - Determine the appropriate jurisprudential characterization of artificial intelligence-generated data in order to assess its evidentiary value and legal probative force before Sharīʿah courts. - Examine contemporary practical applications of algorithmic data and evaluate their implications through a maqāṣidī balancing approach that reconciles security considerations with the protection of individual rights and guarantees. Methodology: The research adopts an inductive, descriptive, and inferential approach. Major Findings: - The research demonstrates, on the basis of evidence, that Islamic Sharīʿah and its jurisprudential foundations are capable of accommodating contemporary digital and technological developments and regulating rapidly evolving criminal applications while balancing the preservation of security with the protection of privacy. - The study finds that the most accurate jurisprudential characterization of artificial intelligence outputs and data is that they constitute contemporary technical circumstantial evidence, whose probative strength varies according to their degree of digital reliability and their freedom from technical defects and anomalies. - Courts may base judicial decisions in criminal cases involving taʿzīr (discretionary punishments) on data obtained through artificial intelligence technologies, such as geolocation and biometric tracking systems and retrieved messages, provided that such data establish a strong presumption approaching certainty. Keywords: Evidentiary Value; Personal Data; Artificial Intelligence Technologies; Criminal Evidence.

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