حرية الملاحة في مضيق هرمز وأثرها على الأمن البحري لدولة قطر دراسة تحليلية في ضوء القانون الدولي للبحار الباحث عامر حمد الأنصاري

Abstract : This research examines freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and its impact on the maritime security of the State of Qatar, in light of the Strait's strategic importance as one of the world's most significant international maritime routes for trade and energy transportation, particularly given the connection between Qatar's liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports and the continuity of navigation through the Strait. The research problem lies in questioning the extent to which the international legal framework governing navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, particularly the transit passage regime, is sufficient to ensure the effective and safe exercise of the right of navigation, as well as the limits of the powers of the littoral States in regulating navigation under conditions of security disturbances, and the resulting implications for Qatar's economic interests and energy security. The significance of the research derives from examining the relationship between the legal protection of freedom of navigation, the requirements of maritime security, and the protection of Qatar's economic and energy interests, notwithstanding that Qatar is not a littoral State of the Strait. The research aims to determine the legal status of the Strait of Hormuz, identify the legal regime applicable to navigation therein, analyze the limits of the littoral States' regulatory powers, and assess the effects of disruptions to navigation on Qatar's economic and commercial interests and energy security. The research adopts an analytical approach in examining the relevant international rules and provisions, and a descriptive approach in presenting the security developments affecting navigation, while drawing upon relevant international practice and positions in analyzing the legal status of the Strait and the regime governing navigation therein. The study concludes that Qatar's interest in freedom of navigation is grounded in a direct maritime and economic interest linked to energy security and the continuity of maritime connectivity, and that the existence of a legally established right of passage does not, in itself, guarantee its effective and safe exercise in circumstances of security disruption. The study recommends strengthening the integration of legal rules, institutional mechanisms, and security measures; supporting international and regional cooperation; and developing mechanisms for information sharing, risk management, and response to maritime incidents. Keywords: Freedom of Navigation; Strait of Hormuz; Maritime Security; State of Qatar; Transit Passage; Law of the Sea; Energy Security; International Navigation.

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