The Concept of Citizenship According to Ruhollah Shariati through his Book "The Fiqh of Coexistence": An Inductive Study of the Origins of Coexistence between Muslims and Dhimmis

Abstract

The Islamic religion is considered an integrated system because of the great care it gave to the Muslim individual and the religious other alike, so non-Muslims in the Islamic society had rights and duties under citizenship (in its Western sense) as a principle and basis that embodies the jurisprudence of coexistence within the Muslim state. Objective of the research: To emphasize the authenticity of the idea of human rights in Islamic thought, and to highlight Ruhollah Shariati for the care of Sharia for the lives of its members at all levels (religious, social, economic, political) without discrimination between them. He stated that religion is not an obstacle to religiously different members of society, but rather constitutes a new identity that supports the principle of belonging and rejects the principle of division within the tent of citizenship through the concept of dhimmis. Research Methodology: This research is based on both the inductive and analytical approach, as the purposes of Ruhollah Shariati traced through his book "The Jurisprudence of Coexistence" the concept of citizenship and the types of citizens. He extrapolated the most important origins of coexistence between Muslims and dhimmis, which he talked about in his book, and adopted the critical approach to examine the feasibility of the term "dhimma" in contemporary Islamic thought. Important results: - Citizenship means the "jurisprudence of coexistence" between Muslims and others within the Muslim community under legal, social and political controls that guarantee their rights, and has been embodied in several concepts in the Islamic heritage, the most important of which is the "dhimma contract". - The concept of citizenship according to Ruhollah Shariati feeds on the Muslim government's fairness to its non-Muslim citizens and granting them all their rights under the basis of justice without discrimination, racism or exclusion because they are an integral part of the Islamic Ummah.