Logical Definitions: A Presentation and Critique in Light of Islam 10.35781/1637-000-116-002

Abstract

This study aims to define logical definitions, their types, and significance, clarify the purpose behind logical definitions, and highlight their limitations. It also addresses the theories associated with logical definitions, including the theory of substance and accident and the theory of the five universals. The study further examines the intellectual flaws present in these theories. Research Methodology: The researcher adopted both the analytical and critical method. Logical definitions, along with their associated theories, are among the foundational principles of Greek logic. Logicians regarded these definitions as the basis of knowledge and learning, restricting the avenues of intellectual comprehension to definitions and proofs. - The term al-ḥadd (definition) generally refers to the act of defining; however, this is not always the case. Some scholars consider al-ḥadd and definition synonymous, while others distinguish between the two. This discrepancy arises from differing perspectives on the purpose of definitions. Definitions are categorized into several types: real definitions, nominal definitions, verbal definitions, and indicative definitions, with some scholars adding additional types. - Logicians view definitions as both the starting and ending points of knowledge, given that their purpose is to explore the essence of things. The goal of a definition is not merely to distinguish one thing from another, but to grasp the true nature of the thing itself. When understanding is complete, accurate differentiation naturally follows.