Recognized Oath Expressions and the Fulfillment of Sworn Commitments in Light of the Prophetic Sunnah: Legal Rulings and Interpretive Implications 10.35781/1637-000-127-002

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of oaths and swearing in Islamic law, focusing on their forms, verbal expressions, legal status, and resulting implications, based on the texts of the Prophetic Sunnah and the views of Islamic scholars. The research aims to identify the expressions that are legally recognized as binding oaths and to clarify which forms of swearing constitute a valid legal commitment in Sharia. It also aims to outline the ethical and legal guidelines for fulfilling sworn statements (Ibrār al-Qasam), and to correct common misconceptions regarding oaths in contemporary practice, through a rigorous juristic and hadith-based analysis. The study is divided into two main chapters: - The first explores the characteristics of a legitimate oath and the acceptable phrases for swearing, such as swearing by Allah or His attributes, supported by Prophetic traditions and the statements of the Companions. - The second chapter examines whether every act of "qasam" (swearing) qualifies as a binding oath (yameen), highlighting the differences among juristic schools and analyzing their arguments with a reasoned conclusion. The research adopts a foundational methodology that combines textual analysis, juristic reasoning, and hadith verification. One of the key findings is that a valid Islamic oath must involve the name or attributes of Allah; the phrase "I swear" (uqsim) alone does not constitute a binding oath unless it is accompanied by the mention of Allah or a clear intention. The study concludes with several recommendations aimed at enriching the understanding and practice of oaths in the daily lives of Muslims.