Philosophical Foundations of the Materialist Approach "Dialectical and Historical Materialism" and a Critique of its Epistemological and Human Dimensions from a Philosophical and Islamic Perspective 10.35781/1637-000-131-005

Abstract

This study aims to examine the materialist dialectical and historical approach in terms of its philosophical roots, core propositions, and epistemological and human dimensions, while providing a critique from both philosophical and Islamic perspectives. The research employs the descriptive, analytical, and critical method, addressing the concept of matter in Marxist thought, the differences between dialectical materialism and dialectical idealism, and how Hegelian dialectics was transformed into a material framework. It also explores historical materialism as the application of dialectical materialist principles to the interpretation of social life and human history. The study discusses the major figures of this approach, such as Marx, Engels, and Feuerbach, and outlines its main philosophical principles, including the unity and struggle of opposites, the eternity of matter, its inseparability from motion, and its stance on consciousness and objective truth. In the critical dimension, the research demonstrates the shortcomings of materialism in explaining the human phenomenon, its philosophical contradictions, and its reliance on reductionist views that threaten human values. The study concludes that the materialist approach is not merely a philosophical theory but a comprehensive worldview that fundamentally conflicts with the Islamic perspective. This necessitates further comparative critical studies to highlight this contradiction and to promote intellectual awareness among researchers and students.