The Prophetic Hadiths Reported in the Chapter on Repentance in Al-Risālah Al-Qushayriyyah: A Study and Analysis 10.35781/1637-000-146-003

Abstract

Abstract This study examines the interpretation of the Quranic verse on *qiṣāṣ* (legal retribution) in Sūrat al-Baqarah through an analytical and comparative approach. It surveys the views of Quranic exegetes and jurists on the most prominent disputed issues related to the verse, namely: killing a free person in retaliation for a slave, killing a Muslim in retaliation for a non-Muslim, and killing a man in retaliation for a woman. The study aims to clarify the methodology of the exegetes in addressing these issues and to highlight their methods of reasoning and preference among differing opinions, with particular attention to the role of interpretive principles and legal evidence. The research adopts an analytical comparative methodology by collecting scholarly opinions, analyzing their evidences from the Quran, the Sunnah, consensus, and rational proofs, examining the grounds of disagreement, and weighing the arguments to determine the preponderant views. The study demonstrates that exegetes addressed issues of *qiṣāṣ* in a manner akin to comparative jurisprudence, showing notable reliance on the statements of the Companions and the Successors, frequent use of Prophetic traditions, and systematic application of interpretive principles—especially the generality of wording. The study concludes that Islamic law intentionally leaves certain matters open to scholarly ijtihād, and that the majority opinion is not necessarily the correct one in every case; rather, sound judgment depends on the strength of evidence. The research ultimately favors the view that a free person is subject to retaliation for killing a slave, that a Muslim is not killed in retaliation for a non-Muslim, and that a man is killed in retaliation for a woman. Keywords: Interpretation , rulings of the verse on retaliation