Aspects of Grammatical License (al-Tajawwuz) among Modernists: A Descriptive and Analytical-Comparative Study of the Efforts of Al-Jawari, Al-Makhzoumi, and Al-Attiyah الباحثة/ فاطمة علي طاهر الأهدل

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to explore the aspects of grammatical license (al-Tajawwuz) in modern Arabic grammatical thought through a descriptive and analytical- comparative study of the contributions of Mahdi al-Makhzoumi, Ahmad Abdul-Sattar al-Jawari, and Khalil Ibrahim al-Attiyah. These scholars are regarded as prominent figures of the modern grammatical school, which sought to reconsider the structure of Arabic grammar lesson and evaluate its theoretical and practical foundations. The study seeks to reveal how these scholars engaged with grammatical rules and to analyze their stances toward the Arabic grammar tradition. The study employed a descriptive-analytical comparative approach, based on tracking manifestations of grammatical license within the works of these scholars, then comparing them to identify points of agreement and disagreement between these scholars, as well as determining the degree of license employed by each of them. The findings indicate that grammatical license among modernists does not represent a random departure from rules. Rather, it is a conscious methodological approach based on critiquing traditional grammatical frameworks and attempting to reconstruct them in light of actual language use, while reducing reliance on the concepts of al-Amil (agent/governor), al-Taqdir (estimation/supposition), and abstract intellectual analysis. The study also revealed a clear variation in the degrees of grammatical license among the scholars: Al-Makhzoumi’s approach is characterized by a bold critical tendency aimed at reconstructing grammatical concepts from their foundations; Al-Jawari leans toward a more moderate, partial critical approach; while Al-Attiyah offers a conciliatory vision that balances grammar with language use within a framework of balance and flexibility. Keywords: Grammatical License, Modern Linguistic Thought, , Grammatical Simplification, Language Use, Al-Makhzoumi, Al-Jawari, Al-Attiyah,