An Integrative Knowledge-Economy-Based Model for Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Yemeni Universities from Framework to Measurement 10.35781/1637-000-147-005

Abstract

Abstract This conceptual paper proposes an integrative framework to build competitive advantage in Yemeni universities within a knowledge-based economy. Addressing the gap between available resources and realized performance, the study combines the resource-based view (human/structural/relational intellectual capital) with dynamic capabilities (sensing–seizing–reconfiguring) and absorptive capacity (acquisition–assimilation–transformation–exploitation), embedded in a Triple Helix context (university–government–industry) and moderated by digital/data governance and funding. Methodologically, an integrative synthesis of recent literature (2016–2025) is employed to derive a causal pathway from inputs and knowledge processes to outputs, outcomes, and impact. The paper offers a conceptual diagram and a pragmatic KPI dashboard suitable for low-resource settings—e.g., LMS activity, knowledge cycle time, graduate employment, non-governmental revenues, curriculum agility, and effective partnerships—with operational definitions, formulas, data sources, and measurement frequency. The discussion highlights phased implementation through small, high-impact units (applied projects, micro tech-transfer offices) and advances testable hypotheses for future empirical validation via SEM and content validity procedures. Policy and managerial recommendations emphasize staged digital governance, system integration, funding diversification, and targeted partnerships, accelerating the shift from “publication” to “impact” across teaching, research, and community engagement. The framework thus provides a context-sensitive roadmap to translate knowledge assets into measurable, durable advantage in fragile environments. Keywords: Competitive advantage, Yemeni universities, Knowledge management, Dynamic capabilities, Absorptive capacity, Triple Helix, Performance indicators.